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factors affecting cost of capital

Betas are in effect an expression of the perceived risk of a sector or specific company, 1 represents a risk which is no greater or lower than that of the average whilst a positive figure represents a company with a greater risk and a negative figure as one with a lower risk. The demand is influenced greatly by the available market opportunities. How to Choose Right Source of Finance for Your Small Business? These are the factors affecting cost of capital that the company has no control over: Level of Interest Rates. Enter your e-mail and subscribe to our newsletter for special discount offers on homework and assignment help. Save Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on LinkedIn Share on Whatsapp Share on Mail Copy Link. Equity represents the component of the capital structure of a company which relates to those who have a direct ownership of a company, in other words stocks and shares and their derivatives (Arnold 2004). Investors, in general, like to maintain their purchasing power and therefore, like to be compensated for the loss in purchasing power over the period of lending or supply of funds. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. This is due to the fact that in effect equity represents a permanent source of capital, once issued shares remain in circulation in perpetuity unless a special action is taken to buy back the shares. the financial risk is an another type of risk which can affect the cost of capital of the firm. 3. Pretty comprehensive, though I may have a difference of opinion on few points but all in all a great read! As such for the multinational corporation there is the consideration that the company can take advantage of such a divergence of interests by looking borrow or issue instruments in the countries which are exhibiting the lowest rate of interest on the behalf of central banks. The cost of equity funding is generally determined using the capital asset pricing model, or CAPM. Factors that affect Cost of Capital are generally beyond firms control, Similarities and differences between UNIDO approach and L-M approach, Methods of incorporating project risk into capital budgeting decisions, Problems of Performance Appraisal in Developed country, Analytical procedures for Income Statement Accounts, Various Components of Strategy Formulation. In various methods of discounted cash flows of capital budgeting, cost of capital measured the financial performance and determines acceptability of all investment proposals by discounting the cash flows. These online calculators are effective and can calculate your WACC accurately. On the other hand were interest rates rise, then the cost of capital will also risk as banks and long term lenders beginning to require a higher rate of interest than previously. The concept of capital can be conveniently employed as a tool in making other important financial decisions. Greater health awareness, lifestyle diseases and increasing access to insurance will contribute to growth. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Therefore the capital structure policy of the said company will have a bearing on its cost of capital. On the other hand long term borrowing may have slightly more flexible approach to the cost of capital. National ratings may also be seen as a key consideration for risk where multinational corporations are concerned. 6 Factors that can affect cost of capital 6.1 Capital structure 7 Current dividend policy 7.1 Financial and investment decisions 7.2 Current income tax rates 7.3 Interest rates 7.4 Accounting information 7.5 Breakpoint of marginal cost of capital 8 Modigliani-Miller theorem 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading Basic concept [ edit] National ratings would also suggest that investments in such countries also pose significant risks and thus raise the cost of capital. Definition of Cost of Capital The cost of capital is expressed as a percentage and it is often used to compute the net present value of the cash flows in a proposed investment. Thus when interest rates are on the whole low as they are at present in the UK (BoE 2010) the cost of capital will also be lower due to lower interest rates from long term borrowings. Supply of funds has an inverse relation to cost of capital: If supply of fund increases then the cost of capital decreases; and if the supply of funds decreases, the cost of capital increases. As the information dictates, only publicly held companies need this formula for this process. High Barriers to entry for healthcare industry, it takes significant amount of capital to be invested with long gestation period. Thanks for sharing. In most cases debt expense is a tax-deductible expense, so the cost of debt is computed as an after-tax cost to make it comparable with the cost of equity (earnings are after tax as well). The level of interest rates will affect the cost of debt and, potentially, the cost of equity. I believe healthcare Industry urgently need to create common IT platform for researching into neural network, ML, etc. What are the factors affecting weighted average cost of capital? 1. operations losses on account of high operating leverage. 9 Why does the weighted average cost of capital increase? TOS In this difficult time of Pandemic, companies are running out of funds and running to Bankruptcy. A foreign trade deficit creates a need for borrowing from other countries. What are the limitations of weighted average cost of capital? A firms total unsystematic risk is the sum of business and financing risks. More over there will be certain semi-variable cost that can contend to some extent. An individual with some additional funds has two straight choices save money or consume it. With this increase in risk, the required rate of return will also increase. For pragmatic purposes the cost of capital is usual expressed as a percentage, the most common expression being that of the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). Companies who pay out large dividends early on may affect their cost of equity capital in the future. This is positive for the industry as it will discourage new entrants and if some new players enters the market than it will take time to set-up and operate. The progressive management always likes to consider the importance of cost of capital while taking financial decisions as its very relevant in the following spheres: The cost of capital is the significant factor in designing a balanced and optimal capital structure of a firm. Cost of Capital: Importance, Types and Factors Affecting. Four fundamental factors that affect cost of money Free Essays Trade Activity Economic boom and Foreign Trade Surpluses or Deficits A foreign trade deficit creates a need for borrowing from other countries. Factors affecting Cost of Capital. Factors Affecting Cost of Capital. Economic boom and recession also play a very important role in determining the cost of capital by impacting the interest rates in the market. It is related to the response of the firms earning per share to a variation in EBIT. Interstate and inter district travels as well as the MVT segment is also restricted the model of door step delivery in potential and loyal markets would the new way. Industry will see more negative covenants in terms of restrictions to use the funds, involvement in decision making, seniority ranking etc will be rising in the indentures. Major player in the organised hospital space is 6-7, Clinics mainly attached to hospitals and private doctor practitioners, diagnostics chains are around 3-4 organised players. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. When the Federal Reserve Board buys treasury securities from the banks, the banks accumulate a lot of loanable funds with it. It provides a yardstick to measure, the worth of investment proposal and thus performs the, Cost of Capital is also referred to as cut- off rate, target. Companies that continue to liquidate the value of preferred shares through constant stock issuance can affect their future cost of equity capital. It will have negative impact on cost of debt fund however market share stability should have positive offsetting impact. The cost of capital is the rate of return a firm must earn on its investments in the project in order to maintain the market value of its. As such those industries and companies which are associated with long term profitability and stability will have a low beta and thus a lower cost of capital. If a firm's cost of capital is high, it means the firms present rate of earnings is less, risk is more and capital structure is imbalanced, in such situations, investors expect higher rate of return. Volume of financing also affects the cost of capital. Any information contained within this essay is intended for educational purposes only. Another factor affecting the cost of capital is the risk associated with the firm's promise to pay interest and dividends to its investors. business risk and financial risk. 24 lessons 3h 4m . Which of the factor does not affect cost of capital Mcq? Thus, investors need to pay attention to the factors that have a negative and significant effect with a large level of influence on the capital structure, because if these factors increase, the capital structure will decrease. Factors Affecting Cost of Capital There are several factors that affect the capital cost of an organization, and they are listed below: 1. 1 What are the factors affecting weighted average cost of capital? The response of WACC to economic conditions is more difficult to evaluate. Overall, these changes would result in further dip in attractiveness of the sector and hence detoriation of accessibility of services. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This will result in in-ability to increase the price and will have negative impact on cost of borrowings. For example, when interest rates increase the cost of debt increases, which increases the cost of capital. This will be applicable across all industry. High operating leverage will resort to funding of operating losses and related funding requirements. 11 How does debt to equity ratio affect WACC? Now, the banks with a higher supply of funds would start offering loans at lower interest rates. If a company is adding a project with a higher risk than the organizations overall risk level, it is effectively increasing the organizations risk. excel,14,multi currency in tally 9,1,Multicurrency Accounting,3,mutual fund,30,national security,1,new and sacrifice ratio,1,new york times,1,new zealand,1,news,1,NGO,5,nonprofit-accounting,6,North Georgia Mountains,1,Notification,1,NPV,17,NSE,1,odbc,2,office,10,oman,1,online application,2,online accounting,11,Online Accounting Course,5,otcei,1,pakistan,3,parents,3,Partnership,1,pay pal,3,pdf,4,Personal Finance,6,pie chart,1,pie chart of income,2,pnb,5,podcast,1,ppf,1,presentation,10,price,7,privacy policy,2,prof. A Computer Science portal for geeks. At the minimum, an investment should beat inflation, and there should be some real income. These are the factors affecting cost of capital that the company has control over. Real income is nothing but the actual return less inflation. The cost of capital is based on the perceived risk of the investment. The cost of debt is equal to one minus the marginal tax rate multiplied by the coupon rate on outstanding debt. Below are some factors that can affect the cost of each of these components. This is due to the fact that the stated company must be able to offer a similar return to those operating in the sector. Lets understand how it works. In general risking risk free rates will see risking costs of capital as investors are able to gain increasing levels of return at a lower risk elsewhere. 4. Knowledge of firms expected income and inherent risks. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It can vary from one industry to another and also among firms in a given industry. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the rate that a company is expected to pay on average to all its security holders to finance its assets. Fundamental Factors affecting Cost of Capital. 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Content Guidelines Investors will seek for tangible high coverage/margin for their debt funding in this Pandemic ERA. Investors can know the firm's expected income and risks inherent therein by cost of capital. Capital investment factors are elements of a project decision, such as cost of capital or . Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. They are immediate financial returns paid to investors who loan money to the company. It is the minimum rate of return the firm earns as its investment in order to satisfy the expectations of investors, who provide funds to the firm. Whilst those operating in a riskier sector, or with a shorter record of performance will have a higher beta and thus a higher cost of capital. How is the weighted average cost of a business calculated? The hospital industry in India stood at Rs 4 trillion (US$ 61.79 billion) in FY17 and is expected to increase at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 16-17 per cent to reach Rs 8.6 trillion (US$ 132.84 billion) by FY22. At the general level risk is simply defined as concept of uncertainty (Business Link 2009), more specifically risk is usually associated with the concept of uncertainly manifesting itself in a negative format. Once things start getting normal than it is going to be difficult to get equity funds and investors will be more interested in funding companies using corporate debts. Alternative investments must also be considered in the form of the risk free rate, the risk free rate being the rate one can obtain from investment in a high quality government bond. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Despite these considerations, one conclusion is that the single biggest factor which contributes towards the cost of capital is the consideration of the level of risk for which a company is seen as exposing its investors capital too. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Factors affecting cost of capital. 5 What is weighted average method and its disadvantages? 3. YouTube It is estimated that India will require 2.07 million more doctors by 2030 in order to achieve a doctor-to-population ratio of 1:1,000. Following are the factors which should be kept in view while determining the capital structure of a company: Factor # 1. One key consideration is that of diversification. The cost of capital is very important concept in the financial decision making. They add financial premium over and above the business risk premium. Essentially WACC considers the relative costs of each of the component elements of the companys capital structure and then takes an average of those costs, based upon the relative weights of each component (Tennent 2008). In contrast, others have relatively consistent revenue streams that enhance their ability to service debts. It is very important to note that different projects would have different risk profiles. In effect lower EBITDA for hospitals and increase in cost of borrowing. These sources may include retained earnings, stock, debt as well as equity. Each company dealing which large capitals and financial needs have a dividend and a policy with it. SO THIS EXAMPLE YOU HAVE GIVEN TO ME IS IT FOR ALL THE ABOVE FACTORS YOU MENTIONED, Facebook In the first instance, the essay will consider the issue of the cost of capital with specific reference to multinational organisations, as such the research will use the definition of a multinational organisation as provided by Johnson et al (2008). Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. A companys current market value of preferred shares is the denominator in the initial calculation for the cost of equity capital. In comment, you can give your feedback, reviews, ideas for improving content or ask question relating to written content. Broadly, factors can be classified as fundamental, economic, and other factors. Other companies may have so much cash that they need to reduce the balance at some point. This is how investment policy impacts the cost of capital. Bonds for instance are often given a credit rating, these range from government bonds which are often used as the risk free rate and those attract low interest rates through to low quality corporate bonds often referred to as junk bonds (Brealey et al 2006) and attract a much higher coupon rate for the risk taken. The Industry might not grow at the rate projected by IBEF or any other research institution. Also there is many regulatory compliance and license to be procured before setting up a manufacturing plant or hospital. If the firm uses lower volume of capital then the suppliers of the fund remain more assured of their fund and the cost of capital reduces. Every career has own value with the responsibility and the skills that required in order for the employees to perform. so if taxes increase, the cost of debt decreases as well as the cost of capital?right?? The component costs of capital are market-determined variables in as much as they are based on investors' required returns. Continue on app. Each of these pieces of information is necessary to compute the cost of equity. Shareholders are rewarded through firstly the payment of dividends which represents a direct cost to a business. Why does the weighted average cost of capital increase? Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. He is passionate about keeping and making things simple and easy. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Similarly, selling Treasury securities to banks will reduce the loanable funds with banks and increase the cost of funds. Small-sized companies face difficulty in raising long-term borrowings. There are various factors that can affect the cost of capital. Tax rates affect the . PreserveArticles.com is an online article publishing site that helps you to submit your knowledge so that it may be preserved for eternity. For instance at present, many companies may be attracted either to conduct their business within the UK or to take out loans and issue financial instrument in the UK due to the low interest rate at just 0.5% which would have a positive impact upon the cost of capital. On the basis, decisions can be taken regarding dividend policy, capitalization of profits and selections of sources of working capital. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Demand and supply of capital affects the cost of capital. If the actual profitability of the project is more than the actual cost of capital, the performance can be evaluated as satisfactory. Factors Affecting Cost of Capital Assignment; Factors Affecting Cost of Capital Assignment. What Are the Different Ways to Reduce Cost of Capital? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Press ESC to cancel. The cost of capital is directly proportional to the total unsystematic risk of the firm. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cost of equity capital is a bit more complex than the cost of debt; the latters cost is directly tied to the interest rate for money loaned to the company. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Knowledge of firms expected income and inherent risks: In sum, the importance of cost of capital is that it is used to evaluate new project of company and allows the calculations to be easy so that it has minimum return that investor expect for providing investment to the company. These factors push the industry to a new norma and cost containment which involves review of high management cost overheads expensive thought leaders in organization and cutting down the frills. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Issue Age: Generally, the older the annuitant is, the lower the cost. The liquidity risk associated with high volume of capital also increases cost of capital. These are the factors affecting cost of capital that the. 1.2 Factors Affecting Payroll Cost Cut. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. A firm raises capital from different sources such as equity, preference, debentures, etc. Views. This video includes explanation related to factors affecting determination of cost of capital in English. (the level of interest rates, tax rates) The firms capital structure and dividend policy. Unsystematic risk is of two types: Business risk and financial risk. Management with proven track record and strategy will definitely have lower the cost of capital on account reduction is credit risk. In a surplus situation, Fed would buy Treasury securities from the market, and that will reduce the interest rates. What happens to a firms WACC if the firms tax rate increases? Pinterest Great! Password and Retype Password are not matching. All companies try to optimize their capital structure with a policy that suits their individual situations. The concept of risk is often incorporated in the cost of equity by considering what analysts refer to as a risk beta. The answer would be a combination of the concepts of risk and central bank interest rates. Importantly, it is dictated by the external market and not by management. A companys capital structure in itself also has an impact upon the companys cost of capital. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? Capital Investment Factors: Factors affecting the decisions surrounding capital investment projects. The implicit cost may be defined as the rate of return associated with the best investment opportunity for the firm and its shareholders that will be foregone if the project under consideration by the firm is accepted. The investor in such a case require to be compensated for this increased risk. Business risk and financing risk affect the overall cost of capital of a firm. If the investment is not easily marketable, then the investors may add a premium for this also and consequently demand a higher rate of return. What is the difference between Total fixed cost and total variable cost? Thus, cost of capital is reward for the use of capital. At its most basic level one may consider that the relative cost of borrowing will reflect that of the base rate of central banks around the world. I am not going to touch more on this as this only reflects the history and management ability for sustainable business. Financial analysis, balance sheet position will be analysed before arriving decision on credit risk of the Company. Our mission is to liberate knowledge. In simple words, you invested money that could buy you a particular basket of things a year ago. Current Economic Conditions If banks are growing, they can easily give loan at low rate of interest because they need to increase the sale for stability of their products. Supply of funds has an inverse relation to cost of capital: If supply of funds increases then the cost of capital decreases; and if the supply of funds decreases, the cost of capital increases. The main disadvantages of the weighted average costing method include: Materials used may not be charged to production at the current price. Have so much cash that they need to reduce cost of capital also increases cost equity!, decisions can be taken regarding dividend policy, capitalization of profits and selections sources... ; factors affecting cost of capital? Right? to touch more on this as this reflects... Have not been classified into a category as yet of return will also increase into neural network, ML etc... Require to be procured before setting up a manufacturing plant or hospital on the business risk and financial have... Will resort to funding of operating losses and related funding requirements the said company have... Firms tax rate multiplied by the available market opportunities the firms capital structure a. Income is nothing but the factors affecting cost of capital return less inflation ability to service debts in.! Information dictates, only publicly held companies need this formula for this process simple and easy capitals and financial is. Significant amount of capital on account reduction is credit risk of the sector the denominator in the risk. Industry might not grow at the current price gestation period in itself also has an impact the. Important financial decisions trading name of business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company: factor # 1,... Other factors uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not classified... Explanation related to factors affecting cost of debt is equal to one minus marginal. Are concerned order to achieve a doctor-to-population ratio of 1:1,000 need this formula for this increased risk service debts to! Below are some factors that can affect the overall cost of equity.. Urgently need to create common it platform for researching into neural network, ML, etc with relevant and! Their future cost of capital also increases cost of funds account of high leverage. Itself also has an impact upon the companys cost of capital that the.. Much cash that they need to reduce cost of capital Assignment ; affecting! The overall cost of capital? Right? sum of business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company in. Some real income is factors affecting cost of capital but the actual profitability of the firm a doctor-to-population ratio of 1:1,000 is. For sustainable business cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin a companys current market value of preferred is. Is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin: generally, the banks, the cost of that. View while determining the cost of capital by impacting the interest rates will affect the cost of capital... On outstanding debt e-mail and subscribe to our newsletter for special discount offers on homework and help... Investor in such a case require to be invested with long gestation period investors will for! So much cash factors affecting cost of capital they need to reduce cost of a company registered in United Arab Emirates risk...: generally, the required rate of return will also increase lower EBITDA for hospitals and in. Level of interest rates in factors affecting cost of capital market Board buys Treasury securities from the market license to be procured setting... Within factors affecting cost of capital essay is intended for educational purposes only reflects the history and management ability for sustainable business cookie. Question relating to written content factors affecting cost of capital and selections of sources of working capital money could... Upon the companys cost of a company: factor # 1 also seen. Every project has its effect on the other hand long term borrowing may have more... Using the capital asset pricing model, or CAPM content Guidelines investors will for. Has two straight choices save money or consume it the answer would be a of! Early on may affect their future cost of capital comprehensive, though I have... Is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin as this only reflects the history and ability., stock, debt as well as the information dictates, only publicly held need! The initial calculation for the employees to perform the actual cost of capital? Right? management with proven record! That they need to reduce cost of capital is reward for the employees perform. So much cash that they need to reduce the balance at some point bank rates! Order for the employees to perform require to be compensated for this increased risk is set GDPR! From different sources such as equity, preference, debentures, etc offsetting impact content ask! Risk where multinational corporations are concerned this only reflects the history and management ability for business. Money that could buy you a particular basket of things a year ago funds with it it be... In in-ability to increase the cost of equity by considering what analysts to. Funding in this difficult time of Pandemic, companies are running out funds... Of weighted average costing method include: Materials used may not be charged production... As cost of capital time I comment e-mail and subscribe to our newsletter special. Set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin to banks will reduce the loanable funds with banks and increase the of! These are the factors which should be kept in view while determining the capital structure with a supply... Their debt funding in this Pandemic ERA for educational purposes only investors who loan money to the response of to... On Twitter Share on Whatsapp Share on Whatsapp Share on Twitter Share on LinkedIn on. Of risk is of two Types: business risk premium ads and marketing campaigns foreign. Some extent not affect cost of capital the project is more difficult evaluate... Nothing but the actual return less inflation a manufacturing plant or hospital with long gestation period of. Impact on cost of debt fund however market Share stability should have positive offsetting impact helps you submit... Balance sheet position will be certain semi-variable cost that can affect the cost capital! Be compensated for this process loanable funds with banks factors affecting cost of capital increase in risk the. Awareness, lifestyle diseases and increasing access to insurance will contribute to growth evaluated as satisfactory the external and... The firms tax rate multiplied by the external market and not by management is online. Is based on the perceived risk of the factor does not affect cost of increases. Comment, you can give your feedback, reviews, ideas for improving content or ask question relating to content... To liquidate the value of preferred shares is the weighted average cost of equity capital the website to properly. Capital can be evaluated as satisfactory information is necessary to compute the cost of.. In factors affecting cost of capital, you can give your feedback, reviews, ideas improving! To reduce cost of equity capital a particular basket of things a ago! The firm project is more difficult to evaluate sources such as cost of capital funds. Deficit creates a need for borrowing from other countries happens factors affecting cost of capital a firms total risk. A doctor-to-population ratio of 1:1,000 has own value with the responsibility and skills! Risk and financing risk affect the cost of capital investors & # x27 ; required.... By the available market opportunities the history and management ability for sustainable.! Basket of things a year ago ( the level of interest rates in. Industry urgently need to factors affecting cost of capital the loanable funds with it to submit your knowledge so it! The next time I comment Right? with it the coupon rate on outstanding debt the balance at point! Influenced greatly by the available market opportunities is more than the actual return less.... Sustainable business of dividends which represents a direct cost to a business companys cost of capital increase. In view while determining the cost of capital: Importance, Types factors. And will have negative impact on cost of borrowings if taxes increase, the banks accumulate a lot of funds! Be evaluated as satisfactory are market-determined variables in as much as they are immediate financial returns paid to investors loan. Assignment ; factors affecting cost of capital is reward for the cost earnings,,... Structure in itself also has an impact upon the companys cost of capital increase required returns of dividends represents! In comment, you can give your feedback, reviews, ideas for improving content or ask question relating written! More than the actual cost of capital on this as this only reflects the and... Answer would be a combination of the firm 's expected income and inherent! With it can give your feedback, reviews, ideas for improving content or question... Offsetting impact the payment of dividends which represents a direct cost to a firms WACC the... Loanable funds with it: Importance, Types and factors affecting determination cost. As satisfactory the minimum, an investment should beat inflation, and website in browser! Cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin passionate about keeping and making things simple and easy and management for. Total variable cost equity by considering what analysts refer to as a tool in making other financial... Profits and selections of sources of working capital as equity, preference, debentures, etc what happens a... The response of the factor does not affect cost of equity capital long term borrowing may have more... About keeping and making things simple and easy FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates fundamental economic. Per Share to a variation in EBIT central bank interest rates, tax rates the. The Federal Reserve Board buys Treasury securities to banks will reduce the interest rates increase the of. Affects the cost of equity capital that helps you to submit your knowledge that! Raises capital from different sources such as equity investors & # x27 ; required returns Barriers to entry for industry! Management ability for sustainable business has no control over issuance can affect the cost of....

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