Trained in yet another novel approach, Scharnhorst was gaining a reputation as a pioneering military educator. 518 N Magnolia Ave, Lansing, MI, 48912-3125. An officer with extraordinary talents and intellect, and an even more remarkable fate, Scharnhorst forever changed the path of the Prussian Army, molded the idea of the Prusso-German General Staff, and forged some of the most influential concepts in the realm of military theory and practice. General der Jagdflieger (General of Fighter Force) Adolf Galland directed Luftwaffe fighter and bomber forces (Operation Donnerkeil) during Cerberus. It consisted of three measuresabandoning all restrictions on the purchase of nobles land to liberalize land ownership and agriculture; opening all occupations to persons of all classes, in effect ending the closed guilds and thus creating a competitive labor market; and abolishing hereditary servitude in the form of serfdom. He is a male registered to vote in Ingham County, Michigan. When the king finally switched sides in the spring of 1813, Scharnhorst swiftly unfolded the plans for mass mobilization prepared by his circle. Finally promoted to Artillery Captain at age thirty-sixa circumstance largely due to his non-aristocratic originsScharnhorst proved his mettle against French Revolutionary forces in the defense of Menen in present-day Belgium. Jrme Bonaparte wird Knig des neu gegrndeten Knigreichs Westphalen . [22] Titled Bruchstck ber Erfahrung und Theorie. If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. Oops, something didn't work. Failed to remove flower. [4] Bruce Gudmundsson, The Education of the Enlightened Soldier, MCU Journal Vol. Bey planned to attack the convoy at 10:00 on 26 December if the conditions were favorable for the attack. Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. His new commander was another extraordinary man, Emmerich von Estorff. Photos larger than 8Mb will be reduced. By 08:00, Scharnhorst had reached the Jade Bight but ice prevented the ship from entering Wilhelmshaven. The most famous act of the turbulent era, the Oktoberedikt from 1807, aimed at overhauling the ineffective and backward Prussian agrarian system and releasing the economic and patriotic energies of its subjects. The number of 2cm guns was eventually increased to thirty-eight. The following day a reconnaissance plane from RAF Coastal Command spotted the ship, and a raid by twelve Hudson bombers took place on 11 June. Without Gerhard von Scharnhorst, it is unlikely there would be a Carl von Clausewitz. Friedrich calls Lansing, MILansing, MI The ice had been cleared by noon, permitting Scharnhorst's entrance to Wilhelmshaven. [7] Schoy, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst, 6. The ship had an armored deck that was 20 to 40mm (0.79 to 1.57in) thick on the flat portion, increasing to 105mm (4.1in) on downward-sloping sides that connected to the bottom of the belt. Half an hour later, Scharnhorst's loudspeakers called the crew to battle stations in preparation for the attack. It either had to openly switch sides, fight France with everything it had and utterly defeat Napoleon, or face national disintegration. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. In early January 1943, the ship was back in service, and after trials, left Germany on 7 January in company with Prinz Eugen and five destroyers. Burnett chose to keep his distance and shadow Scharnhorst with radar while Fraser made his way to the scene in Duke of York. On Prince Augusts colorful life and achievements, Eve Haas and Herzeleide Henning, Prinz August von Preussen (Berlin: Schlapp Verlag, 1988). After receiving only fragmentary education, the teenage boy was provided with a tutor and prepared to enter the military academy of Count Wilhelm in the neighboring principality of Schaumburg-Lippe. The text could be also found in Scharnhorst, Ausgewhlte Schriften, 147-150. [32], On 6 February, the two ships refueled from the tanker Schlettstadt south of Cape Farewell. Richard married Florence Scharnhorst (born 'Scharnhorst') . If you know of things missing or have corrections, please log in and submit them. On the Life and Character of Scharnhorst. Historical and Political Writings, ed. After several more torpedo hits, Scharnhorst settled further into the water and began to list to starboard. Echoing his mentors approach to teaching in On War, Clausewitz wrote that theory is meant to educate the mind of the future commander, or, more accurately, to guide him in his self-education, not to accompany him to the battlefield; just as a wise teacher guides and stimulates a young mans intellectual development, but is careful not to lead him by the hand for the rest of his life.[10]. The second 28cm round struck the ship's "X" barbette and disabled the turret. Johann HeinrichDietrich Friedrich Scharnhorst (1812 - 1889) Photos: 5 Records: 45 Born in Eilvese, Kreis Hannover, Deutschalnd on 19 NOV 1812 to Johann Heinrich Scharnhorst and Dorothee Jrgens. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1989. 23 . We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. The second 227kg bomb fell forward of the rear main battery turret and penetrated the first two decks. 1799/1800 (11./12. It caused significant damage to the ship's propulsion system and slowed the ship to 8 knots (15km/h; 9.2mph). [15] Reinhard Hhn, Scharnhorsts Vermchtnis (Frankfurt am Main: Bernard&Graefe Verlag, 1972), 312-313. [52], In early August 1942, Scharnhorst conducted exercises in cooperation with several U-boats. When the French Revolution shook Europe in 1789 and the subsequent First Revolutionary War (1792-1795) thrust the continent into twenty-three years of bloodshed, Scharnhorst had the fame of a great expert. The fourth hit the ship in the bow. [38] They scored five hits in an almost straight line on the starboard side, parallel to the centerline. Verify and try again. During operations off Norway, the two ships engaged the battlecruiser HMSRenown and sank the aircraft carrier HMSGlorious as well as her escort destroyers Acasta and Ardent. [26] After approximately an hour of shooting, the German battleships sent Glorious to the bottom. They were detected in the Skagerrak and the heavy units of the British Home Fleet deployed to cover the passage between Iceland and the Faroes. The only book-length study of Scharnhorsts legacy in English, Charles Edward Whites The Enlightened Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militrische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805, offers sizable extracts out of his writings. [14] Trevor N. Dupuy, A Genius For War: The German Army And General Staff, 18071945 (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977),24. Scharnhorst was a German capital ship, alternatively described as a battleship or battlecruiser, of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine. Scharnhorst's forward turret was put out of action by severe flooding. During the repair process, the aircraft catapult that had been installed on the rear gun turret was removed. When the officer in the General Staff has received a good education in times of peace, in times of war he will quickly become useful in many roles. Scharnhorst steamed to Gotenhafen in late October for a new rudder, the design of which was based on the lessons learned from the torpedoing of Prinz Eugen and Ltzow earlier in the year. Napoleon Bonaparte errichtet das Herzogtum Warschau . Learn more about managing a memorial . While Scharnhorst was en route under heavy escort on 21 June, the British launched two air attacks, six Swordfish torpedo bombers in the first and nine Beaufort bombers in the second. There she joined Gneisenau, in preparation for Operation Berlin, a planned raid into the Atlantic Ocean designed to wreak havoc on the Allied shipping lanes. The shell hit jammed the turret's training gears, putting it out of action. To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. Scharnhorst was, first and foremost, a military educator seeking to instruct and inspire the average officer who might never rise to the professions top or grow to become a shrewd strategic thinker, but still strived to give his best. Use Escape keyboard button or the Close button to close the carousel. The original straight stem was replaced with a raised "Atlantic bow." As Scharnhorsts life and legacy remain less known than Clausewitzs, the following passages also offer a brief introduction. 76 Squadron RAF flew the extra 200 miles (320km) to reach Scharnhorst and the rest of the raid on Brest went ahead as planned, with Prinz Eugen and Gneisenau as their principal targets. [31] One of the surviving ships radioed the location of the German battleships, which summoned the powerful British battleships Rodney and King George V. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau used their high speed to escape in a squall, and the intervention by the British battleships convinced Ltjens that the chances of further success were small. New York Times bestselling author Anne Perry merges family secrets with suspense on the world stage, as darkness bubbles under the surface of a Europe on the brink of change. Are you sure that you want to delete this photo? He was, in fact, born in the Electorate of Brunswick-Lneburg (better known by its most important city Hanover), and not Prussia, on November 12, 1775. The convoy was spotted again two days later, and it was determined that the course was definitively toward the Soviet Union. While waiting outside the port, Admiral Ciliax returned to the ship. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau participated in Operation Weserbung (AprilJune 1940), the German invasion of Norway. These rescue operations were interrupted by the appearance of the cruiser Newcastle. Captain Otto Ciliax , Captain of the German battleship 'Scharnhorst', carries out an inspection of the crew, circa 1939. Friedrich Scharnhorst in Neustadt, reviews by real people. A system error has occurred. Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst (1755-1813) was a general in Prussian service, Chief of the Prussian General Staff, noted for both his writings, his reforms of the Prussian army, and his leadership during the Napoleonic Wars. Friedrich Scharnhorst 27 December 1902-7 April 1991 (Age 88) Buchholz (Aller), Soltau-Fallingbostel, Niedersachsen, Germany The Life Summary of Friedrich Friedrich Scharnhorst was born on 27 December 1902. 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