Agricultural expansion affecting Acacia Woodland in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia Impacts of Deforestation Atmospheric Impact Deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography of Ethiopia. Most soils in the tropical region including Ethiopia are highly weathered and infertile due to lower organic matter content and open nutrient cycling systems. It accelerates soil erosion, flooding, and drought. Two of the most. Despite the numerous challenges, Ethiopia has marvelous opportunities like the commercialization of fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plant productions. Ethiopia's HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate hovers around 1.1%. The country intends to be a middle-income economy by 2025. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). The major factors are increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, rising temperature levels, possibly leading to more drought and floods. fLACK OF DEFINITE AGRICULTURE LAND USE POLICY At regional level it is on the will of the farmer to grow The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. This influenced the levels of income, opportunities, and ownership of assets. Worldwide, it expenses more than 18-20 USD trillion USD annually (UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification), 2019). Vast grazing land and livestock resource (55-58%) of its total area. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. However, agriculture is still the backbone of the country which represents about 33.88% of its GDP (Plecher, 2020). Of Ethiopias total land area of 1,221,480 square kilometers, the government estimated in the late 1980s that 15 percent was under cultivation and 51 percent was pasture. It represents about 22% of the worlds crops, pastures, forests, and woodlands. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Dryland areas in Ethiopia encompass pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in the country and have long been regarded as peripheries especially in economic terms. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The role of science, technology and innovation in ensuring food security by 2030. ELPAA (Ethiopia Land Policy and Administration Assessment). Achievements and challenges in Ethiopian agriculture. It is reported that over the last 4050years, the mean annual temperature of Ethiopia increased from 0.2C to 0.28C per decade (McSweeney et al., 2010). Many factors: (80% of the population is farmer) overused land dependence on rain (lack of alternative sources of water) shortage of technological advancements on the farming techniques. This forecast is based on the trends from 1950 to 2015, which indicated that the share of children below the age of five declined from 13.4% to 9.1%, while above 65years life expectant increased from 5.1 to 8.3% (FAO, 2017). For instance, the wholesale price unit of maize grain in the capital city of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) alone increased from 1,469 to 5,013 from 2005 to 2012 in Ethiopian Birr (ETB) per ton (FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations), 2015) and the price is tripled in the last five years. Rural aging has major implications on the rural labor force in patterns of agricultural production, land tenure, the social organization within communities, and socioeconomic development (FAO, 2017). The global soil organic carbon nets primary production is reduced at least by 5% due to the loss of natural ecosystem functions, which is estimated at an economic value of between 6.3 USD-$10.6 trillion per year (or 1017% of global GDP) (UNCCD, 2019). Cultivating effective. But there is a critical lack of comprehensive study on the extent of landlessness, its effects, and coping mechanisms in the country (Adugna, 2019). It is a serious problem of rural livelihood (Belay et al., 2017). Your email address will not be published. Based on this background, the state farmland provision for the farmer is more than 3045years and on average the current landowner is above 4850years of age at a minimum level. In some parts, utilization of the water resources is hindered because of the undulating topography of the country. The future of Ethiopian agriculture is bright because of the fact that the country is gifted with a variable climate ranging from tropics (growing tropical crops like citrus fruits) to subtropics (growing crops like apples). Land degradation. The persistent decline in the size of farmland also represents formidable challenges for mechanized farming and obtaining long-term capital investment (Diriba, 2020). Agriculture is the foundation of Ethiopia's economy. Expansion of large-scale agricultural investments (land grabbing) in these areas is the current government's focus and resulting in the loss and unsustainable utilization of natural resources. 2 The main contributions, potentials, characteristics and problems of Ethiopian agriculture. Deforestation or forest degradation in Ethiopia takes a lead among the major problems that forest resources are encountered. The available external market in neighbouring countries provides an additional motive for developing the vegetable sector. (. Causes of poverty in Ethiopia include a variety of actions stemming from natural disasters as well as man-made actions. For instance, rainfall is one of the most noticed climate variables in the country. By African, standard rural development programme has long history in Ethiopia. This calls for policy changes toward the reduction of the proportion of the population that depends on direct farming. If critical issues are not addressed the food price inflation creates political instability, disorder, chaos, unemployment, malnutrition, hunger, poverty, imbalance, and inefficient resource distributions among the nations which may lead to migration. Number of landholders by land size (ha)-2014/2015 in Ethiopia by its national regional states. Effects of climate variability on development of wheat rust diseases (Puccinia spp.) The Importance Of Agriculture In Ethiopia. Data on export values of major agricultural exports, exchange rate, gross domestic product and labour force were obtained from FAO, while data on total export and total import values were collected from the annual report of the National Bank of Ethiopia. A research report on land tenure and agricultural development in Ethiopia. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? More than 80% of the population lives in rural areas where farming (i.e. What ways affect agricultural development in Ethiopia? They may forceto cut down the tree to make charcoal. Agriculture is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. Economical irrigation potential by river basin of Ethiopia. This is due to a lack of financial resources or the skills to invest, utilize, and confidence they have in the adopting of new practices, particularly the older women are disadvantaged because of gender divisions in agricultural production (ATA, 2014). Its agriculture sector, economy, and food security status are equally complex. It reduces yield, flora, fauna, and soil productivity and affects the hydrological balances negatively. Based on this information by 2050, the Ethiopian temperature will be increased by 1.72.1C than the present (Befikadu et al., 2019). But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Over 60% of Ethiopian coffee is produced as forest coffee, and therefore the use . Small-scale producers and landless households are the most vulnerable to climate change in Ethiopia. Agriculture in Ethiopia is mainly dependent on rainfed systems, and this dependency has put the majority of the Ethiopian population at the mercy of meteorological variability. Particularly in the northern provinces, which have been settled with sedentary agriculture for millennia, population density has caused major damage to the soil's physical base, to its organic and chemical nutrients, and to the natural vegetation cover. The physical potential for sharply increased agriculture is high but the obstacles for development are immense still, despite recent government attempts. But around 700 million people, most of them living in rural areas are still live in extreme poverty, and more than 800 million people are chronically hungry and 2 billion people suffer micronutrient deficiencies in the whole world. The rapidly increasing populations, depletion of soil fertility, landlessness, climate change, deforestation, and degradation of natural resources are serious problems of developing nations that need urgent actions. The coping mechanism so far is sharecropping. Deforestation 4. Pest management support services strategy for Ethiopia. Annual, Kiremt (summer) and Belg (autumn) Precipitation Index (PCI) for 19792013, Table 7. agriculture, poverty and illiteracy are important causes of land and environmental degradation in Ethiopia. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute). . major problems of agriculture in ethiopia The aim of this paper is to demonstrate trends and controversies of population growth and . Agriculture leads the economies of developing countries like Ethiopia and it is the fastest growing agricultural sector in the countries (3.77% for livestock vs. 2.71% for crops in last decade (Rs et al., 2016). The amount of river-based water in Ethiopia could be 124.4 billion cubic meters (Berhanu et al., 2014). 1. Major destinations for Ethiopia's exports in 2017/2018 were: Asia 39.8% (of which China accounted for 22.3%), Europe 28.7% and Africa 20.9%. Sutcliffe (2009) reported that in western Ethiopia, in the Baro-Akobo basin areas alone the average annual net loss of forest through deforestation is estimated to be $42.5 million. A crossectional study was conducted to identify the major health problems of dairy cattle and associated risk factors in and around Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia. The Labor Sorrow It was all started about the tax that laborers are shouldering. Major problems of Ethiopian agriculture; Is agriculture is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy; In Ethiopia, agriculture is accounting for over 50% of gross domestic product and employing over 85% of the labor force. About 80% of Ethiopia's people work in agriculture. Bureaucracy and ill management is another (may be the second biggest) top problem the country is facing. Machinery including computers: US$1.7 billion (11.4% of total imports) Therefore, liberalizing the land market by lifting the land contract restrictions can enhance the exchange of land among rural households (Belay et al., 2017). However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. However, just five percent of land is irrigated and crop yields from small farms are below regional averages. Why agriculture is the backbone of Ethiopian economy? If this has come to the fact, the proportion of energetic productive man is decreased and negatively impacts on world production and productivity due to their retirement. World Journal of Agricultural sciences 6(4):412-418. It also did not indicate methods of curbing environmental degradation that could result from the lease of the natural resources to private investment be it agriculture or mining. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopia and requires urgent intervention to secure the food demand of the people (Woreka, 2004). Illiteracy is another major reason why Ethiopia wallows in poverty. Ethiopia's total export earnings by value increased by 12% from the previous year. Expert Solution. Although important it was, in Ethiopia, academic workers have never been recognized as important developmental issues. Therefore, emphasizing agriculture in Ethiopia requires the political as well as the economic commitment of all parties concerned. It also reduced the plot size of farmland (Crewett et al., 2008). IUCN (international union for conservation of nature). Consequently, the countrys minimum temperature has increased by 0.37C to 0.4C per decade (Astawsegn, 2014). While, Gebreyesus and Kirubel (2009) reported that the heavy reliance of some 85 percent of Ethiopia's growing population on an exploitative kind of subsistence agriculture is a major reason behind the current state of land degradation. The result: crop yields have shot up, growth in agriculture has averaged 7% per year over the past decade and millions of farmers have been lifted out of poverty. The lowlands are vulnerable to increased temperatures and prolonged droughts, while the highlands suffered from more intense and irregular rainfall. Most of the Ethiopian farmers have farmland that is fragmented into two to three plots or parcels (Table 3).
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