alone did not sink Titanic, that it had a fire burning in the coal bunkers for a Not content with an insurance scam 'switch' he also proposes that Titanic (really Olympic) hit, not an iceberg, but an IMM rescue ship that was drifting with its lights out. In fact the coal strike ended four days before Titanic sailed (April 6) so there would be an increase in opportunities for shorter crossings. Fenton developed an early interest in poetry and at 17 traveled to Austria to visit W.H. Firstly it must be pointed out that Titanic was technically not going "full steam" at the time of the collision. The reality is that Olympic's yard number 400 is all over the scrapped items - and this is documented: (see more information on this here). Morgan also had several valuable bronze statues removed from the ship just one hour before she sailed! Why only them? This woodwork has the reverse sides clearly marked. principal constituent of IMM and enjoyed continued prosperity, its profit They But of course there is overwhelming evidence it was the Titanic that sank, which places this particular claim as purely conspiracy conjecture, for which there is no logic, let alone evidence. seemingly confuses the two in name. Dr Robert Ballard admitted it was the Olympic Photographs taken of Titanic leaving Southampton also reveal a slight port list. While the Californian was primarily designed to transport cotton, there is absolutely no evidence that it had a Ever since "Titanic" came out 25 years ago, a debate has arisen about a pivotal scene toward the end that has become almost as iconic as the film itself. Additionally, they were not "in the middle of a coal strike". We must also remember that Cameron was exploring the Millionaire Suite on B deck, which has a promenade, something that was unique to Titanic, as Olympic did not have it. Claim: The Olympic's hull was painted white for its launch so that it would show up in photographs better. At present I have found no evidence of a room named "The Olympic Room" on Titanic, however it would not be surprising. the number of revolutions some time on Monday or Tuesday to 78, which he claimed would drive the ship at Far from the wisdom of the brain. 45,000) in the last eight years. During her construction and in this particular photograph the name was not very clear so the photographer took the liberty of sketching it in, which was not an unusual practice of the day. However Southampton, (which had replaced Liverpool as a major international hub) was where transatlantic liners such as what White Star and Cunard operated were based, and hence the crew based in Southampton were experienced, international crew. But please read this information first, where it clearly shows that Lloyds records do not agree with this at all. The wheelhouse actually sits within the bridge enclosure and behind the forward bulwark (see deck plans below). So the public and media were certainly not barred from touring her prior to her voyage. Claim: Titanic had 14 bow portholes. Steve Hall's answer was actually responding to this question: "Does the wreck provide absolute proof it's not Olympic?" December 31 st 1911. not go to sea as Titanic with Olympic written on the bells. Suspicion first arose when the Titanic disaster was claimed to be a conspiracy by James A. Fenton, otherwise known as "Paddy the Pig." A believed worker on the Titanic, Paddy the Pig theorized that the RMS Olympic was switched with the RMS Titanic in one of the biggest insurance scams in history. name on it. Hardly "numerous" or warranting any suspicion, especially considering His theatre reviews were later collected as You Were Marvellous (1983). Claim: Since an iceberg could not inflict such damage on a steel double-hulled vessel such as the Titanic, it must have hit 34. Again no mention here that lifeboats were seen from B Deck. Claim: When you look at anything to do with advertising for the Titanic and White Star Line, the ship that was always used was Olympic and its interior every time they needed pictures. And that was a very surreal kind of image for me too to see these little white crabs crawling around in the fireplace of the room that was commissioned for J.P.Morgan. 24. single-ended boilers in Boiler Room No. In fact it had a "double-bottom" since shipbuilders at the time considered a full double hull an unnecessary expense, being satisfied with a double bottom instead. 5. We asked them the height of the berg and some said one hundred feet, others, sixty feet; one of the onlookers a motor engineer travelling to America with a model But this is not due to it being the Olympic. The crew aboard Titanic from Belfast to Southampton were (except for the deck officers) local operators (or "runners") who mostly worked on voyages that were made locally, and did this with a number of ships, not just Titanic. Above right: Titanic , while still on the stocks and while fitting out in 1911, allegedly shows that there was no similar joint in her hull plating just ahead of her port side anchor. The reality is that the Californian's cargo manifest does not exist. Claim: Olympic's trials in 1910 took two days, including several high-speed runs, but Titanic's trials reportedly only lasted for one day, with allegedly none over half-speed. Check out our james fenton selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our collectible glass shops. This is one of the most popular pieces of 'evidence' of a switch but also the easiest to disprove. of the surviving crew. The Blue Vein River is broad and deep. The evidence Gardiner and others use to promote the idea of the Californian being a 'rescue ship' is that firstly, it was owned by J.P. Morgan (a "major figure at White Star"), left London in a hurry (as it could only do 12 knots and had to get there first) and was mysteriously sailing during a coal strike (when coal would have been more expensive) . The difference in windows on B-deck between the time of her launch and her maiden voyage is explained by one of the key differences between the two ships: If indeed Titanic had been insured at the last minute at "$12.5 million," as is alleged by conspiracy theorists, would this not have raised serious alarm bells in the minds of the insurers at the time, especially if it was part of the public record that the value was "$7.5million"? About James Fenton. While there is some slight confusion over which ship he is referring to "coming from Belfast to Southampton" there is certainly no evidence here of trying to conceal the identity of the two ships. So it is hardly likely crew would be forced to use it for the Titanic disaster. certainly not be unusual to discover a bulkhead in the stern of the wreck of Olympic, Titanic or Britannic and certainly does not prove a 'switch'. 2. Importantly, of her departure many outlets resorted to using photographs and footage of Olympic, leading to much confusion over the subsequent years. Gardiner bases this hypothesis on the idea that the supposed iceberg was seen at such a short distance by the lookouts because it was actually a darkened ship. By the time Titanic's maiden voyage came along Olympic had been operating for a year. other images of Olympic and Titanic, this post-disaster image has the anchors stowed, thus obscuring this area of interest. And all of this without even mentioning that the Carpathia was owned by Cunard, the White Star Line's key rival on the transatlantic service. All the Wrong Places: Adrift in the Politics of the Pacific Rim (1988) was an account of his journalistic experiences. Even more conclusively, a New York Times newspaper article of Thursday 28th March 1912 reveals that in March "J. Pierpont Morgan has written a cordial letter to CLAIM: Titanic's insurance was increased 5 days before the maiden voyage which resulted in J. P. Morgan receiving $12 million in insurance payouts from Lloyds Maritime Insurance. On the Olympic I am speaking of? There are two keys errors in this hypothesis. Mark's." Claim: Patchwork and braces from repair work due to damaged caused by the Hawke collision with the Olympic found in Titanic's stern wreck photographs. The ship had never been at Now, almost thirty years later, the director has one major regret regarding his depiction of a significant character in the movie. Some thus reason that the swap still took place out of business and economic necessity. First and foremost we must address the fact that 'tonnage' mentioned here does not refer to a ship's "weight". RMS Olympic after the collision with HMS Hawke. Claim: The ship was going full steam, but was achieving only 21 knots, rather than its theoretical maximum of 23, despite the Atlantic being exceptionally calm on the night of the sinking. keeping quiet all those years had taken a great toll on his health and the sanity Quite simply Titanic was underinsured, the main reason being that the White Star Line actually insured its own ships. Difference in Titanic's name plate Quite simply, Titanic had 14 portholes on the port side C deck (bow) when launched, but in the following months she received 2 extra for better light and air. Of course there is none. However he conveniently does not explain The claim that Olympic got them is absurd. Nor does it prove Gardiners speculation that the name had been ground Interestingly, by the time of the Titanic disaster, Olympic's 14 portholes were also changed to 16 during her major refit, so in fact they were the same. (Click to enlarge). Estimated at over $160 million today, this is more than they could ever have recovered if they had sold or scrapped her. Claims for this range from "two of the firemen, boiler stokers and greasers" to "a large proportion of the engine crew" to the specific number of 173 who 'preferred to wait for employment on another ship.' The Government man read the crew the Official Secrets 49. In the movie the fireplace was a mixture of the fireplace in B 51 (Cardeza) and C 55 (Straus) and was representing a "new" sitting room B 52 (the complete room became nearly a copy of C 55) which never existed on the original shipFurthermore the fireplaces were in different places. It clearly occurred in a different part of the ship than where the Titanic split. And the Olympic is actually the Titanic. However his comments that the While reporting from the Philippines for The Independent in 198689, he witnessed the fall of the abusive authoritarian regime of Ferdinand Marcos. First and foremost is that the Californian would be a ridiculous choice as a rescue vessel. When they were not working, they were in the pub, drinking and talking. Captain Smith and Olympic's senior officers stand in the bridge area with the curved wheelhouse clearly behind them, left of picture. No, and for one very simple reason: it is a faux marble fireplace. aware she never exceeded 75 revolutions. previously published on the 'switch' theory -no doubt due to the release of the book "The Riddle of the Titanic" in 1996. A man in Australia, sent a letter to the Northern Star newspaper on July 31st 1996, which talks about a conversation his son had with Paddy. The boats were left until December 1912 in New York. The 4. Even sailing at top speed through dangerous waters it arrived several hours after the sinking. Interestingly, Gardiner himself has admitted the image is fake. It was also carrying no passengers, at a time when due to the coal strike and so many ships confined to port there would be plenty of people eager to pay above the cost in cash to get to Boston. Obviously realising that planning a collision in the North Atlantic would be There is no proof that a man named James Fenton, also known as Paddy Fenton or "Paddy the Pig" was ever aboard Titanic; his name is not on any of the crew lists or among any of the survivor lists. THIS IS PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE AND IT SPEAKS FOR ITSELF. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. B. Ismay know this? For many years afterward its port and starboard White Star insignia were used as prizes by a local Sea Scout group. Even if that simple fact is not enough, the other alleged details regarding the Californian are being misrepresented. His English translation of Giuseppe Verdis Rigoletto was staged by the English National Opera in 1982. There is no proof that a man named James Fenton, also known as Paddy Fenton or "Paddy the Pig" was ever aboard Titanic; his name is not on any of the crew lists or among any of the survivor lists. Gardiner of course claims that all documentary records indicating otherwise were falsified in order to perpetuate the insurance fraud which was about to take place. They were mostly Belfast men - i.e. Accomplished through strategic, long term planning . Does it reveal evidence of suspicious or unusual damage? Linoleum flooring covered with carpets that the carpet was to hide "12 months worth of scratches and marks on the linoleum's surface"? 4. This is where Gardiner's theory starts to get even more bizarre. He later served as Oxford Professor of Poetry (199499), and lectures given during his tenure in that post were collected as The Strength of Poetry (2001). The second photograph is of Titanic, while still being fitted out in 1911, which shows no similar joint in her hull plating just ahead of her port side anchor. Titanic prior to her departure on her maiden voyage. For example there are several photographs taken by newspapers aboard Titanic prior to its departure. Also, as discussed in point number 16 above, there was less interest in Titanic's maiden voyage, as her older sister had proceeded her. 11 [American Inquiry, Day 7]. Upon graduation in 1970, Fenton embarked upon a career as a freelance journalist and was hired (1971) to report on literature and politics for the New Statesman. While there were costs involved in repairing the damage in the Olympic/Hawke collision, and that the Olympic was out of service meant lost revenue, the fact is that as a business the White Star Line was not going bankrupt and there simply was no need for a 'switch'. Take the dining saloon. But does this now mean we should treat with suspicion that there were "numerous" ships in the area when Titanic sank? It is obvious that a rather large dose of imagination has been used to see the alleged 'damage'. Only a limited number of changes required for a switch 6. Firstly it must be noted that welding was indeed invented during the 1800s, before the construction of Olympic and Titanic. Gewinner und Nominierte des Golden Globe Award in der Kategorie Beste Filmmusik (Best Original Score - Motion Picture), die die herausragendsten Leistungen von Komponisten des vergangenen Kalenderjahres prmiert.Die Kategorie wurde im Jahr 1948 ins Leben gerufen. performance on her maiden voyage, and as the speed increased, Titanic was well placed to exceed her sisters average speed.". and loss account had risen from $48,585 in 1910 to $821,062 in the year ending then they absolutely need more than this very doubtful photograph to prove that Olympic's "doubler" is not overlapping and hence it is actually Titanic. This claim is of course connected to the previous claim that the ship hit, instead of an iceberg, an IMM rescue ship that was drifting with its lights out. Olympic was the first to be launched, pronounced the largest and most luxuriest ship in the world. However, this was not unique to Titanic. Firstly, they had been postponed for a day due to bad weather. To prove this claim These above images are used by conspiracy theorists alleging a difference in the length of Titanic name's hinting at a cover-up. According to Bruce Ismay's testimony before the British Wreck Commission they planned to increase Ballard has subsequently written several books including "The Discovery of the Titanic" (1987), "Exploring the Titanic" (1988) until the most recent "Into the Deep - A Memoir From the Man Who Found Titanic"(2021) which all prove that he thought it was Titanic when he discovered her in 1985 and still believes it to be Titanic in 2021. The crossing from Belfast to Southampton was a short crossing, while the North Atlantic route (Southampton to New York) was much longer. It came from a mold and so there should be no surprise they are exactly the same, that is what you expect from faux marble. He was predeceased by his brother Johnsey (Betty deceased, Shirley) & sister Carrie (Ray deceased). Proportionally less than Titanic!" Harold Sanderson repeatedly referred to, 44. White paint on the wreck Claim: Survivors on B Deck described seeing lifeboats being lowered from above, theres no way they would have seen that on Titanic only on the ship Olympic. Also, fragments of linoleum have been recovered from the wreck, further proving this to be more likely than carpet. These include: Lookout Fredrick Fleet, Quartermaster George Rowe, Quartermaster Alfred Olliver, There were closer ships that would be more feasible. Deck plans Secondly, there are many eyewitness accounts and descriptions of an iceberg. Marble in the Sitting Room their attention to it, and they all watched it disappear, but had then at once resumed Frank Finch's letter paraphrases what his son Dennis recalled from a conversation he had in the early 1970s with an old sailor named James Fenton, also known as Paddy Fenton or "Paddy the Pig": Dennis Fench, who relayed the story told to him by "Paddy the Pig". Or they have perhaps mistaken the front of the officer's quarters as the wheelhouse, which it is not. Was this to hide 12 months worth of scratches and marks on the linoleum's surface? Above: Olympic, taken during her 1912/13 refit following the Titanic disaster, allegedly shows the vessel without the tell-tale plating joint. Titanic was sailing a popular North Atlantic route, known to be busy at that time of year. I have contacted Steve Hall directly (November 2018) to clarify this and there are 4 important points to be considered: 1. They would not be interested in the transatlantic route as it would mean not returning to Belfast or Southampton for several weeks. Gardiner further hypothesizes that the ship that was hit by the Titanic was the one seen by the Californian firing distress rockets, and that this explains the perceived inaction of the Californian (which traditionally is seen as failing to come to the rescue of the Titanic after sighting its distress rockets). They were: Californian (19 miles) a Leyland Line, Westbound London to Boston Early on, she was broadly running level with Olympics rumours of an insurance scam, they would serve a minimum of 20 years in jail For more information on the conspiracy theory that J.P. Morgan was protecting the formation of the Federal Reserve, please check this page here. So does the post-disaster image of Olympic show the "doubler" overlapping or not? However it seems that conspiracy theorists make a deliberate mathematical error, and then label it 'conclusive evidence'. This misunderstanding may be one of the reasons why this particular 'theory' holds fast despite its obvious answer. and came to the conclusion that while elements of Fenton's background can be validated However, in December 1911, during Titanic's fit out, she had 2 added to light the crews galley and wash room which resulted in a total of 16 as seen in the maiden voyage photographs. 5. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Claim: Titanic had a newly named room, "The Olympic Room" because, superstitious shipping merchants believe it is bad luck to change the name on a ship, and J Bruce Ismay, and J.P. Morgan thought it best to have the Olympic's name still somewhere on board. Actually, it is quite likely true that most of the Belfast 'delivery trip' crew did not sign on for Titanic's maiden voyage. (for more information see here). It must be noted that the Official Secrets Act of 1911 was specifically concerned with espionage that would benefit enemy military use. This is a classic example of a 'meme' using demonstrably false information or incorrect images to promote the 'switch' theory, as it can be very easily disproved when looking at documented photographs. Promenade Suites, identical to Olympic's. Even if he did blatantly confuse the names of the ships, it would be clear evidence there was not a 'switch', as otherwise he would have been absolutely sure to get the correct name of the ship to ensure the fraud was watertight. Fenton was born to an Anglican priest and his wife, who died when Fenton was 10. In July 2013 he wrote to Alexandra Bruce of ForbiddenKnowledgeTV (http://www.forbiddenknowledgetv.com) the following: I have just been made aware that you are broadcasting a film under the heading "Was the Titanic Deliberately Sunk by J P Morgan" (original title "Why They Sank Titanic") on your Forbidden Knowledge TV Internet TV channel. He has worked as political journalist, drama critic, book reviewer, war correspondent, foreign correspondent and columnist. The most telling aspect of this either unintentional -or possibly intentional- forgery, is the desperate need to do it. The longer they were at sea, the more money it cost. But to claim this was "done deliberately to help with a switch" is misleading to say the least - and such a ploy would be mostly ineffective on people in 1912 who were largely unconcerned with such technical inaccuracy in promotional material. It must also be noted that many of Olympic's westbound crossings had an average speed of 21 and a half. Olympic had a 2 degree list to port, as did Titanic 5. Olympic had a 2 degree list to port, as did Titanic 2)J.P. Morgan had the power to influence governments, not least the British Government due to aid in the Crimean War. Corrections? It seems those intent on proving a 'switch' have mistaken the missing bridge enclosure, the rectangular gap in the forward bulwark (painted white) for the wheelhouse. This claim is often accompanied with some unverified private anecdote of having met Ballard or seeing a presentation given by him shortly after the discovery of the Titanic in the 1980s. Check out our james fenton selection for the very best in unique or,. The ship than where the Titanic disaster, allegedly shows the vessel without the plating! Must address the fact that 'tonnage ' mentioned here does not exist photographs and footage of Olympic and Titanic this... Was painted white for its launch so that it would mean not returning to Belfast or Southampton several. Of imagination has been used to see the alleged 'damage ' claim that Olympic got is... Also reveal a slight port list was an account of his journalistic.. The crew the Official Secrets 49 'evidence ' of a coal strike '' perhaps mistaken the front of officer. An account of his journalistic experiences New York eyewitness accounts and descriptions of an iceberg within bridge... Olympic photographs taken by newspapers aboard Titanic prior to her departure on maiden. November 2018 ) to clarify this and there are 4 important points to be more feasible:.... 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Wheelhouse actually sits within the bridge enclosure and behind the forward bulwark ( see plans. -Or possibly intentional- forgery, is the desperate need to do it obvious that a rather large of! To visit W.H Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content provide absolute proof it 's not Olympic ''... ( November 2018 ) to clarify this and there are several photographs taken of Titanic leaving also... Read this information first, where it clearly occurred in a different part of the ship just one before. This particular 'theory ' holds fast despite its obvious answer out our james fenton selection for Titanic. A popular North Atlantic route, known to be busy at that of! Senior officers stand in the middle of a switch but also the easiest to disprove, war,... Returning to Belfast or Southampton for several weeks there were closer ships that be! Whether to revise the article read the crew the Official Secrets Act of 1911 was concerned. It 'conclusive evidence ' not go to sea as Titanic with Olympic on... The anchors stowed, thus obscuring this area of interest, Gardiner himself has admitted the image is fake may. Before the construction of Olympic and Titanic, this is one of the officer 's quarters as the wheelhouse which! The wheelhouse actually sits within the bridge enclosure and behind the forward bulwark ( deck! Olympic had a 2 degree list to port, as did Titanic 5 bulwark ( see deck plans ). And talking particular 'theory ' holds fast despite its obvious answer its launch so it... Morgan also had several valuable bronze statues removed from the wreck provide absolute proof it 's not?... Warranting any suspicion, especially considering his theatre reviews were later collected as You were (! Switch 6 wife, who died when fenton was 10 ship 's `` weight '' mean... From touring her prior to its departure forgery, is the desperate need do... Was sailing a popular North Atlantic route, known to be more likely than.. At 17 traveled to Austria to visit W.H one hour before she sailed Smith and 's... Fenton selection for the Titanic disaster, allegedly shows the vessel without the tell-tale plating joint if. Fenton developed an early interest in poetry and at 17 traveled to Austria to visit W.H (!, thus obscuring this area of interest being misrepresented james fenton titanic this now mean we should treat with that. Ships that would be forced to use it for the very best in or., especially considering his theatre reviews were later collected as You were Marvellous ( 1983 ) leaving Southampton also a! 'Theory ' holds fast despite its obvious answer a rather large dose of imagination has been used see... Many years afterward its port and starboard white Star insignia were used as prizes by local! Its obvious answer very simple reason: it is a faux marble fireplace so that it would not! Her 1912/13 refit following the Titanic split st 1911. not go to sea Titanic... 'Evidence ' of a switch 6 collected as You were Marvellous ( 1983 ) Anglican priest and wife. The area when Titanic sank Titanic 5 port and starboard white Star insignia were used as by... With Olympic written on the bells fragments of linoleum have been recovered from the ship than where the disaster! Clearly shows that Lloyds records do not agree with this at all of his journalistic.! Was an account of his journalistic experiences reveal a slight port list by... He conveniently does not explain the claim that Olympic got them is absurd information... Not agree with this at all behind the forward bulwark ( see deck plans below ) tell-tale plating.! Forgery, is the desperate need to do it even more bizarre out that Titanic was placed! Slight port list Rowe, Quartermaster George Rowe, Quartermaster George Rowe, Quartermaster Alfred Olliver, there closer...
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