With a death rate approaching 25%, Elmira was one of the deadliest Union-operated POW camps of the entire war. MCHS is supported by the Arts & Humanities Council of Montgomery County, the Maryland Historical Trust, Montgomery County Government and the City of Rockville. [20] On April 29, the Legislature voted decisively 5313 against secession,[21][22] though they also voted not to reopen rail links with the North, and they requested that Lincoln remove Union troops from Maryland. The issue of slavery may have been settled by the new constitution, and the legality of secession by the war, but this did not end the debate. 45-50 minutes. [29] Civil authority in Baltimore was swiftly withdrawn from all those who had not been steadfastly in favor of the Federal Government's emergency measures.[30]. [3][4] In seven counties, Lincoln received not a single vote.[1]. [63], While Major General George B. McClellan's 87,000-man Army of the Potomac was moving to intercept Lee, a Union soldier discovered a mislaid copy of the detailed battle plans of Lee's army, on Sunday 14 September. A follow up guided tour of the blockhouse and outpost campsite can also be arranged. He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. Prison camps during the Civil War were potentially more dangerous and more terrifying than the battles themselves. Salisbury University, 1991). July 21 Union troops occupy Harpers Ferry. If they should attempt it, the responsibility for the bloodshed will not rest upon me. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). WebThe Heart of the Civil War Heritage Area is ideally positioned to serve as your "base camp" for driving the popular Civil War Trails and visiting the battlefields and sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. One prisoner commenting on the daily death toll and foul conditions proclaimed, (I) walk around camp every morning looking for acquaintances, the sick, &c. (I) can see a dozen most any morning laying around dead. Duncan, Richard Ray. 3. A similar disregard for human life developed at Camp Douglas, also known as the Andersonville of the North." Not every experience behind camp walls was the same, however. $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. In other words, the Assembly members could only agree to state that the war was being fought over the issue of secession. One smallpox outbreak claimed the lives over 300 men during the winter of 1862 alone. Closed in 1865. The shortage of food in the Confederate States, and the refusal of Union authorities to reinstate the prisoner exchange, are also cited as contributing factors. [5] Frederick would later be extorted by Jubal Early, who threatened to burn down the city if its residents did not pay a ransom. Another was the 4th United States Colored Troops, whose Sergeant Major, Christian Fleetwood was awarded the Medal of Honor for rallying the regiment and saving its colors in the successful assault on New Market Heights.[54]. Confederate General John McCausland bragged to Ulysses Grant that McCausland had come closer to taking the city than any other Confederate general. Howard described these events in his 1863 book Fourteen Months in American Bastiles, where he noted that he was imprisoned in Fort McHenry, the same fort where the Star Spangled Banner had been waving "o'er the land of the free" in his grandfather's song. The order came again from Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward. Limited rations, consisting of cornmeal, beef and/or bacon, resulted in extreme Vitamin-C deficiencies which often times led to deadly cases of scurvy. Throughout the War units Lincoln had wished to issue his proclamation earlier, but needed a military victory in order for his proclamation not to become self-defeating. Named Camp Hoffman probably after William A. Hoffman, commissioner-general of prisoners. Donate Now, Civil War in Montgomery County and the Region. In the presidential election of 1860 Lincoln won just 2,294 votes out of a total of 92,421, only 2.5% of the votes cast, coming in at a distant fourth place with Southern Democrat (and later Confederate general) John C. Breckinridge winning the state. Coming Soon!! On the night of June 27, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. The presentation will include discussion of some of the improvements in the practice of medicine and surgery as a result of the experiences and learning during the Civil War, when coupled with the germ theory and other discoveries after the War, resulted in a revolution in medical science, and the age of modern medicine in America. The hospital staff is known to have assisted with the escape of several Maryland slaves while United States Colored Troops served as guards at the prison camp. In the early months of the camp's existence, the conditions inside Salisbury were quite good, relatively speaking. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! The destruction was accomplished the next day. [62] However, McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and position his forces based on it, thus endangering a golden opportunity to defeat Lee decisively. Was he right, or was he just telling another tall soldiers tale? False history marginalizes African Americans and makes us all dumber", Point Lookout History, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, "TimesMachine April 15, 1865 - New York Times", "Lee-Jackson Memorial" Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog, "Confederate monuments taken down in Baltimore overnight", www.waymarking.com Rockville Civil War Monument - Rockville, Maryland, "As Confederate symbols come down, 'Talbot Boys' endures", National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Maryland, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. [64], The armies met near the town of Sharpsburg by the Antietam Creek. I therefore hope and trust and most earnestly request that no more troops be permitted or ordered by the Government to pass through the city. The rebellious States are to be brought back to their places in the Union, without change or diminution of their constitutional rights.[73]. Maryland, as a slave-holding border state, was deeply divided over the antebellum arguments over states' rights and the future of slavery in the Union. Early defeated Union forces under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace.The battle was part of Early's raid through the WebThe first Union Army "parole camp" for exchanged Northern prisoners of war, was Congressman Henry May (D-Maryland) was imprisoned without charge and without recourse to habeas corpus in Fort Lafayette. (PowerPoint presentation.). WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. It was 1942. For the next two days, Stuarts cavalry engaged in several actions that would, in varying degrees, hinder and delay their movement north to join the Confederate forces in Pennsylvania. [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. Captain Henry Wirz, commandant at Andersonville, was executed as a war criminal for not providing adequate supplies and shelter for the prisoners. Rockvilles divisions over slavery and the war can serve as an illustration of the divisions in Maryland and the United States as a whole. Because Maryland's sympathies were divided, many Marylanders would fight one another during the conflict. The barracks were so filthy and infested that the commission claimed, nothing but fire can cleanse them.". The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced Rockville, Maryland in the Civil War Speaker: Eileen McGuckian, As a small county seat located at the intersection of major roads in a slave-holding border state close the nations capital, Rockville saw considerable action during the Civil War. WebMaryland in the American Civil War. They built numerous campgrounds on this inhospitable mountain that lacked water, level ground, or adequate sanitation conditions. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. The Man Who (Almost) Conquered Washington: Gen. John McCauslandSpeaker: James H. Johnston. War produced a legacy of bitter resentment in politics, with the Democrats being identified with "treason and rebellion", a point much pressed home by their opponents. [12] Panicked by the situation, several soldiers fired into the mob, whether "accidentally", "in a desultory manner", or "by the command of the officers" is unclear. While some historians contend that the deaths were chiefly the result of deliberate action/inaction on the part of Captain Wirz, others posit that they were the result of disease promoted by severe overcrowding. Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. [70] The harshness of conditions at Point Lookout, and in particular whether such conditions formed part of a deliberate policy of "vindictive directives" from Washington, is a matter of some debate. that "the 23rd was made up of men mostly from Washington and Baltimore" though the regiment was credited to the state of Virginia. Colonel Mobley: 7th Maryland Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War By Justin T. Mayhew 168 pages Self-published Softcover (available through the author: 301-331-2449) Fresh Insights into Civil War Prison Camps. Questions? The constitution was submitted to the people for ratification on October 13, 1864 and it was narrowly approved by a vote of 30,174 to 29,799 (50.31% to 49.69%) in a vote likely overshadowed by the heavy presence of Union troops in the state and the repression of Confederate sympathizers. The use of triage, general anesthesia, and pain management will be discussed. MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. [35] Two of the publishers selling his book were then arrested. My father was the neighborhood air raid warden. WebThe American Civil War in Maryland's State Parks South Mountain Battlefield. In addition to the high frequency of scurvy, many prisoners endured intense bouts of dysentery which further weakened their frail bodies. This is a PowerPoint lecture. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Col. Hoffman forced Confederate prisoners to sleep outside in the open while furnishing them with little to no shelter. To deflect criticism, Stuart wrote a report glorifying his crossing at Rowsers Ford as a heroic, superhuman effort. Because Maryland had not seceded from the United States the state was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, which declared that all enslaved people within the Confederacy would henceforth be free. Suitable for adults and young adults. On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. The right to vote was eventually extended to non-white males in the Maryland Constitution of 1867, which remains in effect today. There was much less appetite for secession than elsewhere in the Southern States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee) or in the border states (Kentucky and Missouri),[2] but Maryland was equally unsympathetic towards the potentially abolitionist position of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln. All along the East Coast blackout drills were preparing citizens against Hitlers Luftwaffe that were blitzing London. By the time the Civil War ended, more 52,000 prisoners had passed through Point Lookout, with upwards of 4,000 succumbing to various illnesses brought on by overcrowding, bad sanitation, exposure, and soiled water. WebCivil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. Civil War Campgrounds Marker Inscription. A soldier who survived his ordeal in a camp often bore deep psychological scars and physical maladies that may or may not have healed in time. There were simply too many prisoners and not enough food, clothing, medicine, or tents to go around. Communicable diseases such as smallpox and rubella swept through Alton Prison like wild fire, killing hundreds. 69-70. Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through ouronline form! In March 1862, the Maryland Assembly passed a series of resolutions, stating that: This war is prosecuted by the Nation with but one object, that, namely, of a restoration of the Union just as it was when the rebellion broke out. But what was Earlys aim, and how close did he come to taking the city and ending the war? WebJuly 4 First civilian death occurs in Harpers Ferry when businessman Frederick Roeder is shot by a Union soldier on Maryland Heights. Harris states that Lincoln may or may not have been aware of this communication. [59], On 6 September 1862 advancing Confederate soldiers entered Frederick, Maryland, the home of Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, who issued a proclamation calling upon his fellow Marylanders to join his colors. Civil War veterans did it differently. Join Our Email List While it emancipated the state's slaves, it did not mean equality for them, in part because the franchise continued to be restricted to white males. [26], Butler went on to occupy Baltimore and declared martial law, ostensibly to prevent secession, although Maryland had voted solidly (5313) against secession two weeks earlier,[27] but more immediately to allow war to be made on the South without hindrance from the state of Maryland,[25] which had also voted to close its rail lines to Northern troops, so as to avoid involvement in a war against its southern neighbors. However, modern interpretation of the evidence suggests did in fact face real supply shortages. Washington Camp (5) - A British Colonial Although Union leadership mandated a ceiling of 4,000 prisoners at Elmira, within a month of its opening that numbered had swelled to 12,123 men. More Americans died in battle on September 17, 1862, than on any other day in the nation's military history. They remembered themselves in monuments through their generals. Although tactically inconclusive, the Battle of Antietam is considered a strategic Union victory and an important turning point of the war, because it forced the end of Lee's invasion of the North, and it allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect on January 1, 1863. Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Your Brother in Arms, which offer a front-line soldiers view of some of the most crucial battles fought during the Civil War from Gettysburg to Petersburg. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. In 1861, while the population was quite low, the death rate hovered around 2%. On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. 51-52. It was the largest Union POW camp and one of the most secure, as it was Most Marylanders fought for the Union, but after the war a number of memorials were erected in sympathy with the Lost Cause of the Confederacy, including in Baltimore a Confederate Women's Monument, and a Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. Also known as Point Lookout Camp and Lookout Point Camp . A Field Guide to Civil War Statues in WashingtonSpeaker: James H. Johnston. "[36] Although previous secession votes, in spring 1861, had failed by large margins,[22] there were legitimate concerns that the war-averse Assembly would further impede the federal government's use of Maryland infrastructure to wage war on the South. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Songs and Stories from the Blue and the Gray Speaker: Patrick Lacefield. The 1860 Census reported the chief destinations of internal immigrants from Maryland as Ohio and Pennsylvania, followed by Virginia and the District of Columbia. Of the 11,764 Confederates who entered Alton Federal Prison, no fewer than 1,500 perished as result of various diseases and aliments. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. [9], After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, many citizens began forming local militias, determined to prevent a future slave uprising. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! The abolition of slavery in Maryland preceded the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution outlawing slavery throughout the United States and did not come into effect until December 6, 1865. WebThe POW Camps in Maryland during World War II included: Edgewood Arsenal (Chemical Warfare Center), Gunpowder, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Holabird Signal Depot, Baltimore, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Hunt (Fort), Sheridan Point, Calvert County, MD (base camp) Meade (Fort George G.), near Odenton, Anne Arundel County, MD Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864.
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