Return to slavery in a different way. As resistance and violence continued to spread in the South, Republican resolve began to weaken. What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? Johnson appointed provisional governors and authorized them to set up state conventions, which in turn were charged with declaring secession illegal; repudiating Confederate debts; ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States; and scheduling elections. Some of this language may be difficult for students to understand without some guidance. Southern Democrats who packed their bags and fled to the West and North to escape the progressive aims of Radical Reconstruction. What was Johnson's plan for Reconstruction? What legal loopholes did Southerners create to resist African American equality? The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. The Compromise of 1877 gave the South and its Democratic majority the reigns to carry out social and legal reforms as they saw fit without federal interference or oversight. Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? Congress enacted its Reconstruction program over Johnson's veto. Lincoln vetoed this bill, setting the stage for a compromise on the issue of Reconstruction. 0. endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream The new legislation was passed in July over Johnson's veto. Once each convention's elections were held for governor, state legislators, and members of Congress, the states would be readmitted to the Union. Which class in the New South had recovered political power from the carpetbaggers? WebThe largest weapons factories were located in the South. He talked about punishing the traitors and breaking up the large plantations, but at the same time, he supported states' rights and had little sympathy for blacks. %%EOF Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. Question 11 30 seconds Q. Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. (113M Removing #book# D 7. Johnson wrote much of the Reconstruction legislation himself. WebOne of the main goals of Military Reconstruction was to ensure that voting rights were granted to African American men. The Freedmans Bureau played a key role in helping African Americans gain access to basic needs, education, property, and health care during Reconstruction. kcP`?=xI87eC{+Fj*?ya This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. The Aftermath After American Civil War: The Result of endstream endobj startxref The WadeDavis Bill was proposed by the Radical Republicans who sought to punish the South for their rebellion and to reinforce the expectation of loyalty and obedience to the federal government. The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. endstream endobj startxref After reading their assigned document, students should answer the document questions on their worksheet and then proceed to the interactive to answer those questions. They were more familiar with the places where most battles occured. legislators that were elected to office in the South during Reconstruction? Take sample from your personal experience. This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. It also made it difficult to enforce Republican plans for Reconstruction or the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. hb```c``e`f`xb,@($yQAI &l&a81r``Hs20A4 dUf ` What were the provisions of the first Reconstruction Act? The First Reconstruction Act (March 1867) invalidated the state governments established under Johnson's policies (except the government of Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment) and divided the former Confederacy into five military districts. 9RR}yswNQZ8][1FM_+ With the assistance of original historical documents, students will consider the ways different perceptions from leading political figures about the outcomes of Reconstruction affected the political debate and the political future of the nation. President Grant undoubtedly played a important role in what was the country's first civil rights movement in some ways, but Reconstruction had its shortcomings. It gave women the right to vote in the United States. Adoption of the amendment was an issue in the 1866 congressional elections, but the president's campaign against it did not work. Despite these violations of both the letter and spirit of his program, the president announced that Reconstruction was complete in December 1865. Voter fatigue- northerners were tired of worrying about it and hearing about it. In that compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won a tight race for the Presidency with just one electoral voteon the condition that all federal troops be removed from the South and a southern Democrat be named to his cabinet. Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the war in the Pacific? In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. These expanding Northern cities were a draw for much of the dislocated workforce in the Southincluding newly freed slaves. What was the purpose of the military Reconstruction Act quizlet? The Military Reconstruction Act stated that remaining Confederate states that had not been reconstructed would be divided into five military districts and put under martial law. State governments set up under Johnsons Reconstruction plan were deemed illegal and new governments were to be formed. Use the following abbreviations: DO for direct object, PN for predicate nominative, OC for objective complement, IO for indirect object, or PA for predicate adjective. Write a short essay on how social contexts surrounding a person can contribute to his or her upbringing, beliefs and overall quality of life. It required former Confederate states to include a ban on slavery in their state constitutions. Previous Much of the legislation enacted in the name of racial equality was to be undone in the coming years by rulings coming from the Supreme Court (Plessy v. Ferguson, The Civil Rights Cases, etc.) Finally, each state legislature had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. The website Making Sense of Letters and Diaries is one such site. a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` WebQuiz The 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction proposed A plan for Radical Reconstruction The Ten-Percent Plan The Fifty-Percent Plan Andrew Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction Why did Congress reject Louisianas new constitution in 1864? This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). pNqmjEJOpKxZv{u 4-aCn v84l%_YYk:Ii:vSG#oa H"x\*Uj/V-,!9.RT5\VM_nCdB5" \.x}{ No/^+4.svjc;NfdHsfJhl\_e2nsS,{ Tradesmen hoping to take advantage of the vast number of construction contracts being offered to rebuild the war-torn South. Use information gathered from the interactive maps to inform their understanding of the political, social, and economic problems confronting the nation in the wake of Reconstruction. How did many Southern states work around the voting rights guaranteed in the Fifteenth Amendment? Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). Losing the Civil War meant that the South would have to conform to the laws of the United States. Communities would combine their farms yields to ensure everyone had enough food. Yes, a few. The effects of the Civil War and of Reconstructionparticularly in the Southcontinue to shape and to be a contentious subject in our politics today. Who were the Exodusters? State conventions, elected by universal male suffrage, were to draw up new constitutions, which had to give blacks the right to vote and had to be approved by Congress. The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional (Radical Republican), and then Military control (Military Reconstruction Act - South broken down into 5 military districts), Communication des organisations - section 3, Lincoln's vs. Johnson's Plans for Reconstruct, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Civil War, Reconstruction and Old West Review. Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet Which plan was the hardest on the South? After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the ascendancy of Congress in directing Reconstruction policy, the realities of enforcing their well-meaning goals soon dimmed the enthusiasm of many Republicans. Powerful families regularly disagree on who should gain control over which resources. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? Given sentence below refers to a numbered sentence in the passage. Booth assassinated President Lincoln on April 14, 1865 during the performance of a play in Washington, D.C.s Fords Theater. Andrew Johnson. 5. Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next What was the purpose of the Black Codes which were enacted in Southern states in 1865 and 1866? Once you are finished, click the button below. HUj@}WDn! President Johnsons view of African Americans was: That they should be granted equal rights to whites, including voting rights, That they should be granted equal rights to whites, but not voting rights, That they should not be granted equal rights to whites. The 15th Amendment became an unenforced dead letter by the late nineteenth century. The impact of scandal on the national political debate was real. endstream endobj 418 0 obj <>stream Historically, scholars have defined Reconstruction as having lasted from 1865 (the end of the American Civil War) until 1877, when a political compromise between the Republican and Democrat parties allowed for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President of the United States on the condition that the last remaining federal troops in the South be removed. The end of the Civil War found the nation without a settled Reconstruction policy. Southern voters also elected to Congress highranking Confederate officials and officers, some of whom had not received one of the thirteen thousand pardons Johnson issued during the summer of 1865. Most people in the Union supported the Confederacy's The amendment also denies to anyone who had participated in rebellion against the United States or had given aid and comfort to those in rebellion the right to hold any national or state office, an exclusion intended to undercut Johnson's pardon policy and protect the rights of blacks, particularly those of former slaves and particularly their right to vote. White Violence- southerners could deal better than the north Select all that apply. Formally defines citizenship and protects a person's civil and political rights from being abridged or denied by any state. The Command of the Army Act prevented the president from issuing orders to the military except through the general of the army, who at the time was Ulysses S. Grant; additionally, the commanding general could not be removed without the Senate's consent. Expert Help. The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. What limited African American freedom during Reconstruction? The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? Nursing care plan about Risk for fetal injury related to shoulder dystocia? They were northerners who came south for jobs. Did it accomplish anything? In all, the history of Reconstruction was an object lesson in the limitations of persuasion in politicsas was the history of the Civil War that preceded it. He antagonized the northern voters. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina (on the occasion of riots in Hamburg, S.C.), August 1, 1876, Group C: Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, January 30, 1872, Group D: Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, June 8, 1876. >YpVE$r#]Y@ -7}bKfl[83 It gave all men, regardless of race, the ability to vote in the United States. CAm? States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. they wre industrialists and bankers. Saliency maps reveal directly how much a change in each input pixel would affect reconstruction loss, while each pixel's reconstruction error may be attributed to many input pixels when layers are fully connected. There were those who used their positions for exploitation. These research assistants will evaluate a series of documents (which in this activity will substitute for live interviews) representing a variety of views concerning the direction of Reconstruction policy regarding voting rights and the impact these views had or should have had on the politics of the nation. 75RockiCr ? &!O3bsJ!WK^86QP91IDY LcB=G[s^P`~`AB)Pd~yfOqbS(ox2GWb{quG9sX }Lg U[* The organization put in place after the Civil War to provide schools in the South was known as: answer choices The Civil Rights Committee Radical plan wanted to punish the south, while Lincoln and Johnson wanted to reunite the union as quickly as possible. But how much really changed? Many went to work in the mills. instituted public school systems and did away with the property requirements for voting. WebQuestion 1 What was the primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? In addition, the teacher should review the interactive maps included as part of this lesson and download the Text Document for Activity 1 and the Text Document for Activity 2, which will include all needed source material and worksheets. In parallel, the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War argued that the Confederacy had been justified in its effort to secede from the Union and that Reconstruction had been a mistake. Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him. dkRlbH/Wo/3+Po32dDJAw'sN72G>0,a-X{..\&j;Z0P{~S W]O"Kwrzb\G 7O XctWhpk Laws passed by the South during Presidential Reconstruction that regulated the lives of freed slaves. Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet Who did it benefit? Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? It was thought the freed slaves would be forced to work. Think. What were some of the accomplishments of the Reconstruction legislatures? However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century. Maintaining a visible and active presence of Union troops in the South to facilitate the peaceful operation of government and Reconstruction was expensive and frustrating to many in Congress. The Fifteenth Amendment was designed to allow all male citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This was a bold and progressive change to Americas Constitution, however feelings of racism persisted throughout the wounded nation. Alternative means of assessment include asking the students to do either or both of the following: 1. Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. WebActivity #2: Evaluating ReconstructionThe Fourteenth Amendment Directions: It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been It prohibited state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of slavery. At the end of this lesson, each student should demonstrate his or her proficiency by doing one of the following: 1. Teachers may wish to have students read several of the following, which illustrate the tension and uncertainty that existed along with the joy of liberty: Students might then be asked to examine the painting A Visit from the Old Mistress from the EDSITEment-reviewed site Africans in America. Irving E. Lowery, Life on the Old Plantation in Ante-Bellum Days, 1911, Group C: Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, From the Cotton Field to the Cotton Mill: A Study of the Industrial Transition in North Carolina, 1906, Group D: The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. Did black voting end in 1877 with the end of Reconstruction? Reconstruction Where did most black Americans live in 1900? white violence, KKK, terrorizing blacks and those who supported them so they wouldn't vote. Was corruption now any less? Senators? This legislation overturned "Black Codes" that had been established in the former Confederate states and had been used to keep African Americans in a near-state of slavery. CONTEXT: In the imaginary land of Wakanda, established landowners keep their power by maintaining private armies. Connect to Life Which speaker's view of love appeals more to you? Farmers would collude to drive up prices of certain crops. 2. It helped the Republicans seat more than 2/3 majority in the House and Congress. until early 1900's they still mostly lived in the south. The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? Reconstruction ~~C9;9owSQ?C ` N- endstream endobj 114 0 obj <>stream Fear of black rule. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. What was the congressional response? Students will be organized into five small groups, each of which will be assigned a document and a set of worksheet questions. and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. Things began to change socially, politically, and economically. When did reconstruction begin? Reconstruction lasted from the Civil War to 1877. During Civil War they had "rehearsals" for reconstruction in the Union-occupied south. Idea of black people being free began during the Civil War. The amendments created to protect black freedoms seemed like a huge step in the right and any corresponding bookmarks? The government would pay farmers to grow specific crops that were particularly in demand. The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy. What tactic was used? was the purpose of the Ku Klux Klan? Several states refused to either repudiate the huge debt produced by the war or unconditionally accept the Thirteenth Amendment.
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